NEIGHBORHOOD PREPAREDNESS
PROGRAM
(NPP)
ORGANIZATIONAL GUIDE
FOR DISASTER AND EMERGENCY
PREPAREDNESS
Sarasota County Emergency Management
1660 Ringling Blvd 6th Floor
Sarasota, FL 34236
941-861-5000
http://allhazards.scgov.net/Home.aspx
The information contained herein is intended to serve as an example of how to effectively organize neighborhoods to be better prepared for all types of emergencies and disasters. This information has been compiled from a variety of sources
and is intended only as a guide. Citizen Corps and its collaborative partners actively promote the importance of neighborhood preparedness; however it is up to each neighborhood and individual therein to determine their own capabilities and willingness to participate in an organized preparedness plan. Every neighborhood is a unique community. Using this information as a guide, neighborhood members are encouraged to tailor their own plan to meet their specific needs. Citizen Corps and its collaborative partners assumes no responsibility for the actions of any who choose to participate in this program nor for any damages arising from those actions. Individuals acting in times of disaster are offered certain protection by Florida Statues 768.13 and 768.1355
Table of Contents
Section |
Organization/Structure Progression Guide |
Using This Guide |
First Things First: Make Lists! Get information! Don't Reinvent the Wheel! |
After That |
Setting up the First Neighborhood Meeting |
Parts of the First Neighborhood Meeting |
List of Materials for Neighborhood Meetings |
The Second Neighborhood Meeting |
Hurricane preparedness and education campaigns have consistently stressed
the importance of individual and family self-sufficiency for a period of no less than
3 days to 1 week following a disaster or major emergency. During this period
the police, fire and emergency medical services responders will likely be
overwhelmed and unable to meet the demand for emergency assistance. An
organized and structured Neighborhood Preparedness Program (NPP) can be
very effective in meeting the critical first needs of participating community
members. Those involved in the development of this program seek to encourage
every neighborhood, either through established neighborhood associations,
churches, Neighborhood Watch groups or other organized entities, to become
dedicated to the implementation of a structured preparedness program.
Program Goals
The goal of the NPP is to ensure neighborhood self-sufficiency for a period of
three to seven days following a hurricane or other significant event. This will be
accomplished by organizing into units of 25 to 50 households, each led by a
Neighborhood Disaster Team. Each team member will be assigned specific
duties and responsibilities, will be assisted by neighborhood volunteers and will
meet with other team members on a regular basis.
Local Neighborhood forms neighborhood Disaster Committee, which includes a Chairperson and other neighborhood members who develop a Neighborhood Disaster Plan, which includes a Neighborhood Coordinator, who oversees Neighborhood Liaisons and Neighborhood Teams.
Organized Neighborhoods form the basis for a Community Disaster Council which includes a Chairperson and representatives from neighborhoods, local government, community agencies, etc. who develop a Community Disaster Plan which includes Community Coordinators, Liaisons, and Teams/Divisions.
Local Government/Fire Departments develop a Disaster Plan which utilizes Incident Command System (ICS) and National Incident Management System (NIMS), which centers authority in an Incident Commander who oversees Divisions, which include preparedness, response and recovery operations.
Welcome !!
This guide was designed to help you organize your neighborhood, using resources in your community, while avoiding the usual pitfalls and/or reinventing the wheel.
As you use this Guide and develop new or adapted materials for neighborhoods or volunteers, please send a sample to the Sarasota County Emergency Management Office at 1660 Ringling Blvd, Sarasota, Fl 34236 Let us know how we can help you prepare.
Some Helpful Definitions
(It might help to refer to previous page - Organization/Structure Progression Guide)
Community: Any contiguous area where people live and work, whether defined by
government or not. This includes apartment complexes, condominiums, regional
neighborhood areas, office buildings, towns.
Community Disaster Council: A larger network of community representatives from
neighborhoods, businesses, local organization, and community groups who work
together before and after a disaster to meet the disaster needs of a community.
This includes representation from organized neighborhoods within its
boundaries.
Community Disaster Plan: An organized, written plan for disaster preparedness,
response, and recovery within a community, implemented through support of neighborhoods
and neighborhood plans.
Neighborhood: A smaller area, determined by city blocks, natural terrain,
social or cultural enclaves, or any other way its residents consider themselves
as a "group." There are no rules, but time of a disaster by one or
two people.
Neighborhood Disaster Committee: A "disaster council" within a
neighborhood that finds itself individually organized within a larger,
unorganized community.
Neighborhood Disaster Plan: An organized, written, and implement plan of
disaster preparedness, response, and recovery for a neighborhood, involving
neighborhood coordinators, liaisons, and teams.
Neighborhood Coordinator: Person designated as the neighborhood
"leader" for the disaster plan, and acts as the liaison between that
neighborhood, other neighborhoods, and the larger Community Disaster Council.
If there is not a Community Disaster Council, this person would be the chair of
the Neighborhood Disaster Committee.
Neighborhood Liaison: Person designated to work within the neighborhood or some
part of it, with the existing neighbors, with new neighbors, conducting
disaster assessments during a disaster, and reporting to the neighborhood
coordinator.
Neighborhood
Disaster Teams: Groups of neighbors organized and trained to fulfill a specific
purpose during a disaster, i.e., first aid or search and rescue.
Disaster Resource Directory: A written record of all pertinent priority
disaster response information used by the neighborhood coordinators and
liaisons during a disaster.
Player: A "playful" word to describe any person with a major part in
planning and/or response in the local disaster project.
Other Resources
There are many good disaster preparedness publications that provide information about organizing neighborhoods. Even so, many address only one type of disaster, and none of them address everything. Some helpful resources are the American Red Cross, the Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Florida Division of Emergency Management and Sarasota County Emergency Management Internet websites.
http://www.ready.gov/america/make_a_plan.html
http://www.dhs.gov/dhspublic/display?theme=36
http://www.floridadisaster.org/
http://allhazards.scgov.net/Home.aspx
Remember - Projects Have Life Cycles
A neighborhood disaster preparedness project is never complete. It is a process, always evolving to adapt to changes in people's lives. The project will always be in flux because of its nature, its volunteers, and changing technology.
Volunteer Management
Members of your neighborhood who participate in this project will do so as volunteers. Managing volunteers takes special awareness and skill, and nonprofit organizations around the country have developed techniques, materials, and insights on how to do this well. The basic components of a good volunteer program are:
1. setting the climate of the organization so volunteers are valued;
2. defining the work that volunteers are needed for; writing job descriptions;
3. recruiting volunteers;
4. orientation and training for volunteers;
5. supervising volunteers in their ongoing work;
6. volunteer recognition;
7. evaluation of volunteer’s performance;
8. evaluation of the overall volunteer program.
These eight steps are an integrated cycle. For a strong and growing program, no step can be omitted. They are also a sequence. For example, volunteer recruitment should come after the work has been defined, and after the organization has reflected on the role that volunteers do and will hold. For more information about volunteer management practices, contact the Friendship Volunteer Center at Office: 1-941-953-5965 Fax: 1-941-365-5718 1750 17th Street, Suite B-1 Sarasota, Florida 34234
Don't Forget to Celebrate!
It is very important to remember and acknowledge your group's accomplishments. Even small steps accomplished today will alleviate a little of the fear of a disaster, build a bit more confidence in handling an emergency, add to the ability to share disaster education, and make households and neighborhoods more self-sufficient to deal with the first hours or weeks of a disaster.
Sometimes the scope of disaster preparedness can be overwhelming and create a sense of helplessness in people – even those who are participating in neighborhood preparedness efforts. Ceremonies and bench marking events are important components of any neighborhood disaster preparedness project. In addition to acknowledging individual and collective successes, they affirm our hopes and our reasons for being active in the project. Remember to recognize the accomplishments of volunteers, publicly acknowledge the group's progress, note special efforts of public safety officials, and mark anniversaries and special dates in your neighborhood.
Thanks For Your Work!
When you took on the task of preparing your neighborhood for disaster, you undertook a life-giving effort. Disaster preparedness, and readiness to respond to disasters, will result in reduced property damage, fewer injuries, and saved lives. The individuals and families who live in your neighborhood are already safer and better prepared because of the work you have done thus far.
Make Lists! Get information! Don't Reinvent the Wheel!
Before you start to organize your neighborhood, you need to do some research and find out what is already being done. This will save efforts, particularly if there are existing organizations that can support your efforts. It will also avoid misunderstandings with other emergency response groups.
Through this research, you will gain important knowledge about major players in
your community and county and how they can help your neighborhood become
prepared. You will be building your own disaster network.
Start by making phone calls and contact the following departments. When you make contact, be sure to record names, positions, telephone numbers, and other helpful information for future reference. This will become part of your Disaster Resource Directory.
A. Local
fire department .
B. The County's Office of Emergency Management
C. The local Red Cross office.
D. A local chapter of RACES (Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services).
E. The local Humane Society.
A. Call the local fire department or district
Your local fire department is an important player in any community disaster
plan. In an unincorporated area, the fire department usually becomes the
authoritative body during a disaster for incorporated towns or cities the fire
department may take direction from the city or town governments. 941-861-5000
Once you begin to have neighborhood organizing meetings, it is critical to have fire department representatives participate.
1. Are there other disaster preparedness groups, Community Disaster Councils or organized neighborhoods within the fire district? If so, how can you contact them to learn about their activities?
2. Would they be willing to meet and talk with you about preparing your community for disaster?
3. Would someone from the fire department participate in your neighborhood meetings?
4. Does the fire department offer disaster training for neighborhoods? If so, what kind of training, where, when, and at what cost?
5. Can the fire department provide disaster pamphlets, videotapes, or other resources for use at the community meetings? Are these available in other languages as well as English?
B. Call the County's Office of Emergency Management 941-861-5000
Your county's Emergency Management Office works with governments, agencies, and groups within the county to promote and assist in developing disaster preparedness.
During a disaster, county Emergency Management coordinates the response of government agencies. Depending upon the magnitude of the disaster, it can call on state and federal levels for additional relief assistance. This could include the Florida Division of Emergency Management (FDEM) or Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA).
1. Does the county EM program include organizing neighborhoods for disaster? If so, what kind of training, where, when, and at what cost?
2. Can EM speak at neighborhood meetings?
3. Can EM provide disaster pamphlets, videos, or other materials for use in the community? Are these available in different languages?
4. Does EM know of disaster related organizations or groups within the county that meet regularly to share disaster information? If so, who, where, and when? Could a representative of your community attend those meetings? Are there other disaster preparedness groups, Community Disaster Councils, or organized neighborhoods within the county? If so, how can you contact them to learn about their activities?
5. Has this EM office identified any potential hazards in your community (flood zones, earthquake faults, chemical companies etc.)? If so, can this information be made available for use in your community?
6. What government agencies does EM coordinate with during a disaster?
C. Call local American Red Cross chapter
The American Red Cross (ARC) is mandated by the federal government to respond
to the needs of citizens during a disaster. The local ARC chapter usually meets the day-to-day disaster needs of the county such as family fires, small disasters, safety and disaster training, and other services. If the local ARC chapter is small and unable to fill some of these needs they usually ask for expertise from another ARC
chapter or the ARC regional office. If a major emergency occurs, trained Red
Cross volunteers will be recruited from outside of the area to help with the
response.
1. Can the local ARC provide speakers for neighborhood meetings?
2. What ARC Disaster Training do they offer? When and where? Would they provide these training workshops in your neighborhood? Do they charge for disaster services?
3. Can the ARC provide disaster pamphlets, videos, etc. to the community? Are these available in different languages?
4. Has the ARC designated any sites in your community to be designated shelters during a disaster? If so, which buildings or locations?
D. Call local RACES chapter
RACES (Radio Amateur Civil Emergency Services) is a national volunteer
organization that is authorized by the federal government to provide emergency
communications for government agencies during a disaster. Local RACES members
usually work in the field and through the county Office of Emergency Management.
Members can and do work within communities and neighborhoods during disasters.
1. Does RACES have any member operators in your area, community, or fire district? Who are they? Can you contact them to introduce yourself and tell them about the plans for a community disaster preparedness program?
2. Does RACES offer training for new amateur radio operators? If so, where, when, and at what cost?
3. Would a RACES representative participate in a community meeting?
4. How does RACES fit into the overall County or community disaster plan?
E. Call local Humane Society
Some Humane Societies have developed plans for the rescue of pets and large
animals during a disaster.
1. If the Humane Society has a disaster program for animals, can they provide you with written information to be distributed at a neighborhood meeting?
2. Would a representative of the Humane Society speak at a neighborhood meeting?
3. Do they train others to help with animal rescue during disaster?
4. If they currently have no program, would they be willing to prepare some information that would be useful to persons interested in caring for their pets and/or livestock during a disaster?
All the above research will
result in a lot of useful information in organizing your neighborhood. The next
steps are to:
A. organize the information;
B. build a start-up team to help;
C. define neighborhoods within your community; and
D. set the first neighborhood meeting.
A. Organize and
Ponder the Information from Your Research
Most of the information gathered will be valuable in proceeding with
neighborhood organization. Review what has been gathered and begin to think
about the implications for your community. Is there a Community Disaster
Council with which your neighborhood can connect? Is there organized
neighborhood training available through the local fire department or county EM? You have probably learned that some agencies and organizations have paid staff
to help organize disaster preparedness and some have dedicated volunteers.
You have also learned that your geographic location determines the potential, inherent types of disasters your community needs to prepare for. Wildfires may be the greatest threat to some communities; flooding will be of greater concern to others. There may be more than one threat to your community. This information determines which threats to emphasize when organizing your community – or you can play it safe and emphasize everything.
The end goal for all communities is to be prepared to meet a disaster, but each neighborhood will get there a little differently. Recognize that local governments differ in their plans and level of activities, due to differences in structure, assignment of personnel, and the demands of higher priority community issues. Although all government entities are required to have written disaster plans, some are more active than others. Some plans include community involvement and others don't. However, since the recent increase in hurricane activity, government agencies are showing increased awareness and interest in volunteer involvement in disaster preparedness and response. Governments are recognizing that trained volunteers will enlarge their work force following a disaster, and they are beginning to understand that it is better to establish community networks before a disaster.
You've learned a great deal from your initial research. You may feel elated or discouraged with all this information. Remember that organizing a neighborhood is an ambitious endeavor. It will take time, patience, and persistence, and it will be an on-going job.
The rewards, however, are great. Having a neighborhood that is self-sufficient is a comfort to all those involved. New friends are made, ideas are shared, problems are jointly solved, and a new sense of community comes into being.
B. Build a Start- Up
Team
1. Enlist some help from your friends!
Draft two or three neighbors as you begin to shape goals and plan for the first
meetings. Preparedness works when many neighbors take it to heart and feel
ownership in the project. Don't try to do all the work by yourself – remember that
a leader's job is to excite others with the vision of what is possible.
2. Set realistic goals
Keep it simple! Your goals should be a reflection of your neighborhood's needs
and attainable with a reasonable amount of work.
C.
Determine the Boundaries of Your Neighborhood Within Your Community
Neighborhoods can be defined by city blocks, streets, natural terrain, or social
or cultural enclaves. There are no rules, but the number of homes that
establish a community should physically allow for an easy survey at the time of
a disaster. Be sure the area is easy to walk in a short time because the
information collected after a disaster may have to be quickly turned over to
care-givers such as paramedics and fire personnel.
Detailed maps used by the county and town fire department and paramedics (usually called "Run Maps," have been most useful in desire and identifying neighborhoods. They are usually free, are easy to obtain, and already used by fire departments and paramedics. Organized communities can use these maps to show items such as propane tank locations, water tanks, swimming pools, or other resources that might have a positive or negative effect on a community during a disaster.
D. The First Meeting
Now you are ready for the next step – setting up the first neighborhood meeting.
Setting Up The First Neighborhood Meeting
Why Meetings?
The first
step in developing a good community disaster organization is to prepare each
household for disaster. Unless the majority of households are prepared it will
be difficult but not impossible, to have a self-sufficient, organized
neighborhood. A neighborhood meeting is the easiest way to start.
Setting up the First Neighborhood Meeting
1. Time
and Place
With your start up team, select a time and location when a good number of your
neighbors can gather. Neighborhood meetings work best if held within the
neighborhood and in a neighbor's home rather than in restaurants or public
buildings. People attend and share information more openly in a less formal
setting, which sets the tone for friendliness and cooperation. Some neighbors
are hesitant to host a meeting in a small house – but remember small areas tend to help people talk to one another!
Neighborhoods could make the meeting more of a social occasion – like Saturday morning coffee or a Sunday afternoon barbecue – rather than a business function.
2. Recruit a Meeting
Host
The host's role is to invite individuals to the meeting, share his or her
personal interest in the need for neighborhood disaster preparedness, and make
everyone feel welcome. Even if the event must be held at a community building,
designate someone as host.
Recruiting a host for the initial community meeting can sometimes be discouraging, and creativity is necessary. Keep your ears and eyes open at other community functions for potential meeting hosts. Ask leaders in a homeowners association or community watch group to help. Divide the responsibilities of hosting a meeting – one person takes care of invitations, another offers their home, and another provides refreshments. Remind neighbors that by hosting a meeting they provide a very necessary and important service to their community – as well as getting to know their neighbors better!
3. Distribute
Invitations
The most effective way to invite neighbors to a meeting is to hand deliver a
written invitation. When the host hands an invitation directly to an adult
household member, rather than mailing them or leaving them on the doorsteps,
most neighbors will attend. This distribution process begins the process of
neighborhood identification and recognition prior to the meeting.
Invitations should be distributed no less than three weeks prior to the meeting date. It is important to arrange for telephone or personal follow-up about three days before the meeting, to confirm attendance or persuade the uncertain.
Invitations should be simple and emphasize why it is important to attend the meeting - to learn about household and community self sufficiency, to meet local fire persons and paramedics, to get to know neighbors, and to learn about available community resources.
Agenda and Objectives at
the First Neighborhood Meeting
The goal of the first meeting is to get your neighbors together, to build on
the interest in disaster preparedness, and to start recruiting people who have
disaster related skills to help with the organizing.
There will always be
neighbors who choose not to become involved. You cannot force people to be
prepared, but what you can and should do is keep them informed.
Suggested outline of topics for the first meeting (most of these are described
in detail in the next section):
Suggested objectives for the first meeting:
Tips on Having a Successful Meeting
Thank-you's!
Remember to write thank you letters. Volunteers can not be thanked enough! Send
notes to the meeting host, the recruited community liaisons, and all others who responded to the call for volunteers. It's a good idea to include the date of the
next meeting in this letter and any duties outlined for specific positions.
Fire Department Presentation
Besides being an important player in a neighborhood disaster plan, and the "carrot" that will attract your neighbors to a meeting, the local fire department will cause your neighbors to take a much more serious look at what they need to do for their own survival, by helping them realize the limitations of disaster response personnel and equipment available to your community in a major emergency. Fire personnel or paramedics can describe the location of responding stations, the number of personnel on each duty shifts, the physical area of their services, their roles and services during different levels of emergencies, and the value of neighborhood participation in their disaster plan.
Slide
Show
Your neighbors will respond to slides and a narrative about their community and
its resources. A local slide show is much more effective than a commercial
disaster video – not that commercial videos are inferior in any way. They can
and do provide compelling additional information However, showing both a slide
show and a video may take more than the allotted meeting time.
Distribute the Household Packets
The goal of the Household Packet is to distribute a packet of information to
each household that is not threatening, easy to read and identify, and contains
comprehensive disaster preparedness information. Items placed in the packet
should reflect the community's needs in a simple but comprehensive way.
Discussion of Neighborhood Disaster Preparedness Goals
These are suggestions of goals to discuss at the first neighborhood meeting.
Description of Volunteer Roles; Recruitment of Volunteers
Set a
date/agenda for the next meeting
The second meeting should build on the first one. Neighbors who volunteered for
positions should be at each meeting, as well as all others who wish to help
organize the community. Information from the completed Neighborhood Disaster
Registries (Part of the Household Packet) will be needed at the next meeting,
so consider that in scheduling the meeting date. If possible, do not end the
first meeting before a date for the next meeting has been set. Don't forget to
thank all participants and volunteers.
The Second Neighborhood Meeting
Organizational
Items
Before the second meeting:
During the second meeting:
Agenda for the Second Neighborhood Meeting:
1. Neighborhood Disaster
Committee
If your neighborhood is individually organized and prepared in the midst of an
unorganized and unprepared community – you should have your own Neighborhood
Disaster Committee. Read the section on Community Disaster
Councils/Neighborhood Disaster Committees for more information.
The Neighborhood Disaster Committee should be comprised of members of the neighborhood, especially people with skills to coordinate teams, and others who can support the functions of the neighborhood organization. Every member should have a distinct role, and it should be for the benefit of the neighborhood, not the individual.
2. Developing a
Neighborhood Disaster Plan
Keep it simple! If your fire department and/or local government have a disaster
plan and it is available to you, use it as a guide. If your community is
organized and already fits into the community disaster plan, that plan will
help determine what needs remain for inclusion into your neighborhood plan. You
may also have access to other disaster plans from the organizations you
contacted at the beginning of this project.
3. Establishing Teams
and Their Responsibilities
The position of Neighborhood Coordinator and Liaison(s) may have been filled at
a previous meeting. Now, neighbors are needed to fill team positions and work
on the details of their duties. Refer to the completed Community Disaster
Registry forms (from the Household Packets) to find skilled people. Recruiting
will be an on-going process because neighbors move in and out of the community.
(Hint: If possible, try to get outgoing neighbors to replace themselves).
The positions and teams (see section on Job Position Descriptions) are workable in disaster situations. Your community may demand additional positions and duties. Just remember to keep it simple. Positions and duties always need to reflect the needs of the community. If they don't do that, they are superfluous.
Before the Second Meeting Ends
By the end of the second neighborhood meeting your neighborhood has started developing an organizational structure to fit its unique needs to prepare for and respond emergencies and disasters. This is a big accomplishment.
What happens next is entirely up to you and your neighbors.
Be creative. What would you like to see happen?
Thank you for wanting to “be prepared” Let us know how we can help you!
Sarasota County Emergency Management
1660 Ringling Blvd 6th Floor
Sarasota, FL 34236
941-861-5000
http://allhazards.scgov.net/Home.aspx
Grateful appreciation is expressed to the following individuals for their assistance in the
Development of this document:– Center for Volunteer and Nonprofit Leadership of Marin
Northern California Disaster Preparedness Network Information in this booklet has been made available by American Red Cross, Federal Emergency Management Agency,www.floridadisaster.org, The Home Depot, National Association of Home Builders of the United States and Georgia Emergency Management Agency